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zmk/docs/docs/config/behaviors.md
Cem Aksoylar 851c37e14f fix(docs): Apply suggestions from #722 reviews
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---
title: Behavior Configuration
sidebar_label: Behaviors
---
Some behaviors have properties to adjust how they behave. These can also be used as templates to create custom behaviors when none of the built-in behaviors do what you want.
See [Configuration Overview](index.md) for instructions on how to change these settings.
See the [zmk/app/dts/behaviors/](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/tree/main/app/dts/behaviors) folder for all default behaviors.
## Caps Word
Creates a custom behavior that behaves similar to a caps lock but deactivates when any key not in a continue list is pressed.
See the [caps word behavior](../behaviors/caps-word.md) documentation for more details and examples.
### Devicetree
Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-caps-word.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-caps-word.yaml)
Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-caps-word"`
| Property | Type | Description | Default |
| ---------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------- |
| `label` | string | Unique label for the node | |
| `#binding-cells` | int | Must be `<0>` | |
| `continue-list` | array | List of [key codes](/docs/codes) which do not deactivate caps lock | `<UNDERSCORE BACKSPACE DELETE>` |
| `mods` | int | A bit field of modifiers to apply | `<MOD_LSFT>` |
`continue-list` is treated as if it always includes alphanumeric characters (A-Z, 0-9).
See [dt-bindings/zmk/modifiers.h](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/include/dt-bindings/zmk/modifiers.h) for a list of modifiers.
You can use the following nodes to tweak the default behaviors:
| Node | Behavior |
| ------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| `&caps_word` | [Caps Word](../behaviors/caps-word.md) |
## Hold-Tap
Creates a custom behavior that triggers one behavior when a key is held or a different one when the key is tapped.
See the [hold-tap behavior documentation](../behaviors/hold-tap.md) for more details and examples.
### Devicetree
Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-hold-tap.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-hold-tap.yaml)
Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-hold-tap"`
| Property | Type | Description | Default |
| ---------------------------- | ------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| `label` | string | Unique label for the node | |
| `#binding-cells` | int | Must be `<2>` | |
| `bindings` | phandle array | A list of two behaviors (without parameters): one for hold and one for tap | |
| `flavor` | string | Adjusts how the behavior chooses between hold and tap | `"hold-preferred"` |
| `tapping-term-ms` | int | How long in milliseconds the key must be held to trigger a hold | |
| `quick-tap-ms` | int | Tap twice within this period (in milliseconds) to trigger a tap, even when held | -1 (disabled) |
| `global-quick-tap` | bool | If enabled, `quick-tap-ms` also applies when tapping another key and then this one. | false |
| `retro-tap` | bool | Triggers the tap behavior on release if no other key was pressed during a hold | false |
| `hold-trigger-key-positions` | array | If set, pressing the hold-tap and then any key position _not_ in the list triggers a tap. | |
The `flavor` property may be one of:
- `"hold-preferred"`
- `"balanced"`
- `"tap-preferred"`
- `"tap-unless-interrupted"`
See the [hold-tap behavior documentation](../behaviors/hold-tap.md) for an explanation of each flavor.
`hold-trigger-key-positions` is an array of zero-based key position indices.
You can use the following nodes to tweak the default behaviors:
| Node | Behavior |
| ----- | --------------------------------------------- |
| `&lt` | [Layer-tap](../behaviors/layers.md#layer-tap) |
| `&mt` | [Mod-tap](../behaviors/mod-tap.md) |
## Key Repeat
Creates a custom behavior that repeats the whatever key code was last sent.
See the [key repeat behavior](../behaviors/key-repeat.md) documentation for more details and examples.
### Devicetree
Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-key-repeat.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-key-repeat.yaml)
Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-key-repeat"`
| Property | Type | Description | Default |
| ---------------- | ------ | -------------------------------- | ----------------- |
| `label` | string | Unique label for the node | |
| `#binding-cells` | int | Must be `<0>` | |
| `usage-pages` | array | List of HID usage pages to track | `<HID_USAGE_KEY>` |
For the `usage-pages` property, use the `HID_USAGE_*` defines from [dt-bindings/zmk/hid_usage_pages.h](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/include/dt-bindings/zmk/hid_usage_pages.h).
You can use the following nodes to tweak the default behaviors:
| Node | Behavior |
| ------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| `&key_repeat` | [Key repeat](../behaviors/key-repeat.md) |
## Macro
Creates a custom behavior which triggers a sequence of other behaviors.
See the [macro behavior](../behaviors/macros.md) documentation for more details and examples.
### Devicetree
Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-macro.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-macro.yaml)
Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-macro"`
| Property | Type | Description | Default |
| ---------------- | ------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| `label` | string | Unique label for the node | |
| `#binding-cells` | int | Must be `<0>` | |
| `bindings` | phandle array | List of behaviors to trigger | |
| `wait-ms` | int | The default time to wait (in milliseconds) before triggering the next behavior. | 100 |
| `tap-ms` | int | The default time to wait (in milliseconds) between the press and release events of a tapped behavior. | 100 |
The following macro-specific behaviors can be added at any point in the `bindings` list to change how the macro triggers subsequent behaviors.
| Behavior | Description |
| -------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `&macro_tap` | Switches to tap mode |
| `&macro_press` | Switches to press mode |
| `&macro_release` | Switches to release mode |
| `&macro_pause_for_release` | Pauses the macro until the macro key itself is released |
| `&macro_wait_time TIME` | Changes the time to wait (in milliseconds) before triggering the next behavior. |
| `&macro_tap_time TIME` | Changes the time to wait (in milliseconds) between the press and release events of a tapped behavior. |
## Mod-Morph
Creates a custom behavior that triggers one of two behaviors depending on whether certain modifiers are held.
### Devicetree
Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-mod-morph.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-mod-morph.yaml)
Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-mod-morph"`
| Property | Type | Description |
| ---------------- | ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `label` | string | Unique label for the node |
| `#binding-cells` | int | Must be `<0>` |
| `bindings` | phandle array | A list of two behaviors: one for normal press and one for mod morphed press |
| `mods` | int | A bit field of modifiers. The morph behavior is used if any of these are pressed. |
See [dt-bindings/zmk/modifiers.h](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/include/dt-bindings/zmk/modifiers.h) for a list of modifiers.
You can use the following nodes to tweak the default behaviors:
| Node | Behavior |
| -------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| `&gresc` | [Grave escape](../behaviors/mod-morph.md) |
## Sticky Key
Creates a custom behavior that triggers a behavior and keeps it pressed it until another key is pressed and released.
See the [sticky key behavior](../behaviors/sticky-key.md) and [sticky layer behavior](../behaviors/sticky-layer.md) documentation for more details and examples.
### Devicetree
Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-sticky-key.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-sticky-key.yaml)
Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-sticky-key"`
| Property | Type | Description | Default |
| ------------------ | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------- |
| `label` | string | Unique label for the node | |
| `#binding-cells` | int | Must match the number of parameters the `bindings` behavior uses | |
| `bindings` | phandle array | A behavior (without parameters) to trigger | |
| `release-after-ms` | int | Releases the key after this many milliseconds if no other key is pressed | 1000 |
| `quick-release` | bool | Release the sticky key on the next key press instead of release | false |
| `ignore-modifiers` | bool | If enabled, pressing a modifier key does not cancel the sticky key | true |
You can use the following nodes to tweak the default behaviors:
| Node | Behavior |
| ----- | -------------------------------------------- |
| `&sk` | [Sticky key](../behaviors/sticky-key.md) |
| `&sl` | [Sticky layer](../behaviors/sticky-layer.md) |
## Tap Dance
Creates a custom behavior that triggers a different behavior corresponding to the number of times the key is tapped.
### Devicetree
Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-tap-dance.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-tap-dance.yaml)
Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-tap-dance"`
| Property | Type | Description | Default |
| ----------------- | ------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| `label` | string | Unique label for the node | |
| `#binding-cells` | int | Must be `<0>` | |
| `bindings` | phandle array | A list of behaviors from which to select | |
| `tapping-term-ms` | int | The maximum time (in milliseconds) between taps before an item from `bindings` is triggered. | 200 |
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