---
title: Behavior Configuration
sidebar_label: Behaviors
---

Some behaviors have properties to adjust how they behave. These can also be used as templates to create custom behaviors when none of the built-in behaviors do what you want.

See [Configuration Overview](index.md) for instructions on how to change these settings.

See the [zmk/app/dts/behaviors/](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/tree/main/app/dts/behaviors) folder for all default behaviors.

## Common

### Kconfig

| Config                            | Type | Description                                                                          | Default |
| --------------------------------- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------- |
| `CONFIG_ZMK_BEHAVIORS_QUEUE_SIZE` | int  | Maximum number of behaviors to allow queueing from a macro or other complex behavior | 64      |

## Caps Word

Creates a custom behavior that behaves similar to a caps lock but deactivates when any key not in a continue list is pressed.

See the [caps word behavior](../behaviors/caps-word.md) documentation for more details and examples.

### Devicetree

Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-caps-word.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-caps-word.yaml)

Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-caps-word"`

| Property         | Type  | Description                                                        | Default                         |
| ---------------- | ----- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------- |
| `#binding-cells` | int   | Must be `<0>`                                                      |                                 |
| `continue-list`  | array | List of [key codes](/docs/codes) which do not deactivate caps lock | `<UNDERSCORE BACKSPACE DELETE>` |
| `mods`           | int   | A bit field of modifiers to apply                                  | `<MOD_LSFT>`                    |

`continue-list` is treated as if it always includes alphanumeric characters (A-Z, 0-9).

See [dt-bindings/zmk/modifiers.h](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/include/dt-bindings/zmk/modifiers.h) for a list of modifiers.

You can use the following nodes to tweak the default behaviors:

| Node         | Behavior                               |
| ------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| `&caps_word` | [Caps Word](../behaviors/caps-word.md) |

## Hold-Tap

Creates a custom behavior that triggers one behavior when a key is held or a different one when the key is tapped.

See the [hold-tap behavior](../behaviors/hold-tap.mdx) documentation for more details and examples.

### Devicetree

Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-hold-tap.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-hold-tap.yaml)

Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-hold-tap"`

| Property                      | Type     | Description                                                                                                    | Default            |
| ----------------------------- | -------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| `#binding-cells`              | int      | Must be `<2>`                                                                                                  |                    |
| `bindings`                    | phandles | A list of two behaviors (without parameters): one for hold and one for tap                                     |                    |
| `flavor`                      | string   | Adjusts how the behavior chooses between hold and tap                                                          | `"hold-preferred"` |
| `tapping-term-ms`             | int      | How long in milliseconds the key must be held to trigger a hold                                                |                    |
| `quick-tap-ms`                | int      | Tap twice within this period (in milliseconds) to trigger a tap, even when held                                | -1 (disabled)      |
| `require-prior-idle-ms`       | int      | Triggers a tap immediately if any non-modifier key was pressed within `require-prior-idle-ms` of the hold-tap. | -1 (disabled)      |
| `retro-tap`                   | bool     | Triggers the tap behavior on release if no other key was pressed during a hold                                 | false              |
| `hold-while-undecided`        | bool     | Triggers the hold behavior immediately on press and releases before a tap                                      | false              |
| `hold-while-undecided-linger` | bool     | Continues to hold the hold behavior until after the tap is released                                            | false              |
| `hold-trigger-key-positions`  | array    | If set, pressing the hold-tap and then any key position _not_ in the list triggers a tap.                      |                    |

This behavior forwards the first parameter it receives to the parameter of the first behavior specified in `bindings`, and second parameter to the parameter of the second behavior.

The `flavor` property may be one of:

- `"hold-preferred"`
- `"balanced"`
- `"tap-preferred"`
- `"tap-unless-interrupted"`

See the [hold-tap behavior documentation](../behaviors/hold-tap.mdx) for an explanation of each flavor.

`hold-trigger-key-positions` is an array of zero-based key position indices.

You can use the following nodes to tweak the default behaviors:

| Node  | Behavior                                      |
| ----- | --------------------------------------------- |
| `&lt` | [Layer-tap](../behaviors/layers.md#layer-tap) |
| `&mt` | [Mod-tap](../behaviors/mod-tap.md)            |

## Key Repeat

Creates a custom behavior that repeats the whatever key code was last sent.

See the [key repeat behavior](../behaviors/key-repeat.md) documentation for more details and examples.

### Devicetree

Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-key-repeat.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-key-repeat.yaml)

Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-key-repeat"`

| Property         | Type  | Description                      | Default           |
| ---------------- | ----- | -------------------------------- | ----------------- |
| `#binding-cells` | int   | Must be `<0>`                    |                   |
| `usage-pages`    | array | List of HID usage pages to track | `<HID_USAGE_KEY>` |

For the `usage-pages` property, use the `HID_USAGE_*` defines from [dt-bindings/zmk/hid_usage_pages.h](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/include/dt-bindings/zmk/hid_usage_pages.h).

You can use the following nodes to tweak the default behaviors:

| Node          | Behavior                                 |
| ------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| `&key_repeat` | [Key repeat](../behaviors/key-repeat.md) |

## Macro

Creates a custom behavior which triggers a sequence of other behaviors.

See the [macro behavior](../behaviors/macros.md) documentation for more details and examples.

### Kconfig

| Config                             | Type | Description                            | Default |
| ---------------------------------- | ---- | -------------------------------------- | ------- |
| `CONFIG_ZMK_MACRO_DEFAULT_WAIT_MS` | int  | Default value for `wait-ms` in macros. | 15      |
| `CONFIG_ZMK_MACRO_DEFAULT_TAP_MS`  | int  | Default value for `tap-ms` in macros.  | 30      |

### Devicetree

Definition files:

- [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-macro.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-macro.yaml)
- [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-macro-one-param.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-macro-one-param.yaml)
- [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-macro-two-param.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-macro-two-param.yaml)

| Property         | Type          | Description                                                                                                                                                                                          | Default                            |
| ---------------- | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| `compatible`     | string        | Macro type, **must be _one_ of**:<ul><li>`"zmk,behavior-macro"`</li><li>`"zmk,behavior-macro-one-param"`</li><li>`"zmk,behavior-macro-two-param"`</li></ul>                                          |                                    |
| `#binding-cells` | int           | Must be <ul><li>`<0>` if `compatible = "zmk,behavior-macro"`</li><li>`<1>` if `compatible = "zmk,behavior-macro-one-param"`</li><li>`<2>` if `compatible = "zmk,behavior-macro-two-param"`</li></ul> |                                    |
| `bindings`       | phandle array | List of behaviors to trigger                                                                                                                                                                         |                                    |
| `wait-ms`        | int           | The default time to wait (in milliseconds) before triggering the next behavior.                                                                                                                      | `CONFIG_ZMK_MACRO_DEFAULT_WAIT_MS` |
| `tap-ms`         | int           | The default time to wait (in milliseconds) between the press and release events of a tapped behavior.                                                                                                | `CONFIG_ZMK_MACRO_DEFAULT_TAP_MS`  |

With `compatible = "zmk,behavior-macro-one-param"` or `compatible = "zmk,behavior-macro-two-param"`, this behavior forwards the parameters it receives according to the `&macro_param_*` control behaviors noted below.

### Macro Control Behaviors

The following macro-specific behaviors can be added at any point in the `bindings` list to change how the macro triggers subsequent behaviors.

| Behavior                   | Description                                                                                                          |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `&macro_tap`               | Switches to tap mode                                                                                                 |
| `&macro_press`             | Switches to press mode                                                                                               |
| `&macro_release`           | Switches to release mode                                                                                             |
| `&macro_pause_for_release` | Pauses the macro until the macro key itself is released                                                              |
| `&macro_wait_time TIME`    | Changes the time to wait (in milliseconds) before triggering the next behavior.                                      |
| `&macro_tap_time TIME`     | Changes the time to wait (in milliseconds) between the press and release events of a tapped behavior.                |
| `&macro_param_1to1`        | Forward the first parameter received by the macro to the first parameter of the next (non-macro control) behavior.   |
| `&macro_param_1to2`        | Forward the first parameter received by the macro to the second parameter of the next (non-macro control) behavior.  |
| `&macro_param_2to1`        | Forward the second parameter received by the macro to the first parameter of the next (non-macro control) behavior.  |
| `&macro_param_2to2`        | Forward the second parameter received by the macro to the second parameter of the next (non-macro control) behavior. |

## Mod-Morph

Creates a custom behavior that triggers one of two behaviors depending on whether certain modifiers are held.

See the [mod-morph behavior](../behaviors/mod-morph.md) documentation for more details and examples.

### Devicetree

Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-mod-morph.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-mod-morph.yaml)

Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-mod-morph"`

| Property         | Type          | Description                                                                       |
| ---------------- | ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `#binding-cells` | int           | Must be `<0>`                                                                     |
| `bindings`       | phandle array | A list of two behaviors: one for normal press and one for mod morphed press       |
| `mods`           | int           | A bit field of modifiers. The morph behavior is used if any of these are pressed. |

See [dt-bindings/zmk/modifiers.h](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/include/dt-bindings/zmk/modifiers.h) for a list of modifiers.

You can use the following nodes to tweak the default behaviors:

| Node     | Behavior                                  |
| -------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| `&gresc` | [Grave escape](../behaviors/mod-morph.md) |

## Sensor Rotation

Creates a custom behavior which sends a tap of other behaviors when a sensor is rotated.
Has two variants: with `compatible = "zmk,behavior-sensor-rotate"` it accepts no parameters when used, whereas with `compatible = "zmk,behavior-sensor-rotate-var"` it accepts two parameters.

See the [sensor rotation behavior](../behaviors/sensor-rotate.md) documentation for more details and examples.

### Devicetree

Definition files:

- [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-sensor-rotate.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-sensor-rotate.yaml)
- [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-sensor-rotate-var.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-sensor-rotate-var.yaml)

Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-sensor-rotate"`

| Property                | Type     | Description                                                                                            | Default |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------- |
| `#sensor-binding-cells` | int      | Must be `<0>`                                                                                          |         |
| `bindings`              | phandles | A list of two behaviors to trigger for each rotation direction, must _include_ any behavior parameters |         |
| `tap-ms`                | int      | The tap duration (between press and release events) in milliseconds for behaviors in `bindings`        | 5       |

Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-sensor-rotate-var"`

| Property                | Type          | Description                                                                                            | Default |
| ----------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------- |
| `#sensor-binding-cells` | int           | Must be `<2>`                                                                                          |         |
| `bindings`              | phandle array | A list of two behaviors to trigger for each rotation direction, must _exclude_ any behavior parameters |         |
| `tap-ms`                | int           | The tap duration (between press and release events) in milliseconds for behaviors in `bindings`        | 5       |

With `compatible = "zmk,behavior-sensor-rotate-var"`, this behavior forwards the first parameter it receives to the parameter of the first behavior specified in `bindings`, and second parameter to the parameter of the second behavior.

## Sticky Key

Creates a custom behavior that triggers a behavior and keeps it pressed it until another key is pressed and released.

See the [sticky key behavior](../behaviors/sticky-key.md) and [sticky layer behavior](../behaviors/sticky-layer.md) documentation for more details and examples.

### Devicetree

Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-sticky-key.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-sticky-key.yaml)

Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-sticky-key"`

| Property           | Type     | Description                                                              | Default |
| ------------------ | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------- |
| `#binding-cells`   | int      | Must be `<1>`                                                            |         |
| `bindings`         | phandles | A behavior (without parameters) to trigger                               |         |
| `release-after-ms` | int      | Releases the key after this many milliseconds if no other key is pressed | 1000    |
| `quick-release`    | bool     | Release the sticky key on the next key press instead of release          | false   |
| `lazy`             | bool     | Wait until the next key press to activate the sticky key behavior        | false   |
| `ignore-modifiers` | bool     | If enabled, pressing a modifier key does not cancel the sticky key       | true    |

This behavior forwards the one parameter it receives to the parameter of the behavior specified in `bindings`.

You can use the following nodes to tweak the default behaviors:

| Node  | Behavior                                     |
| ----- | -------------------------------------------- |
| `&sk` | [Sticky key](../behaviors/sticky-key.md)     |
| `&sl` | [Sticky layer](../behaviors/sticky-layer.md) |

## Tap Dance

Creates a custom behavior that triggers a different behavior corresponding to the number of times the key is tapped.

See the [tap dance behavior](../behaviors/tap-dance.mdx) documentation for more details and examples.

### Devicetree

Definition file: [zmk/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk,behavior-tap-dance.yaml](https://github.com/zmkfirmware/zmk/blob/main/app/dts/bindings/behaviors/zmk%2Cbehavior-tap-dance.yaml)

Applies to: `compatible = "zmk,behavior-tap-dance"`

| Property          | Type          | Description                                                                                  | Default |
| ----------------- | ------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| `#binding-cells`  | int           | Must be `<0>`                                                                                |         |
| `bindings`        | phandle array | A list of behaviors from which to select                                                     |         |
| `tapping-term-ms` | int           | The maximum time (in milliseconds) between taps before an item from `bindings` is triggered. | 200     |
